Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 88
Filter
1.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(4): 1009-1014, ago. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514330

ABSTRACT

La ruptura de ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) es la lesión de rodilla más común que se trata de una reconstruc- ción quirúrgica. El objetivo principal de esta revisión fue analizar la importancia de la función de los músculos isquiosurales como factor de riesgo de posibles lesiones de LCA. Se llevó a cabo siguiendo las normas Preferred Reported Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta- analyses (PRISMA). La fuente de la recopilación de datos fue la consulta directa de las bases de datos Pubmed, Sportdiscus, Web of Science y Scopus. Para la recuperación documental, se utilizaron varias palabras clave y se evaluó la calidad de los estudios que fueron seleccionados mediante la escala PEDro. Los déficits de la función muscular en los músculos isquiosurales se han relacionado con una mayor translación tibial anterior y, como consecuencia, un incremento del estrés tensional sobre el LCA entre los 10° y 45° de flexión de rodilla. Una co-activación de los músculos isquiosurales con el músculo cuádriceps femoral puede ser de gran ayuda para reducir los factores de riesgo de la lesión LCA.


SUMMARY: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is the most common knee injury to undergo surgery in the sports setting. The main objective of this review was to analyze the importance of hamstring function as a risk factor for potential ACL injury. It was conducted following the Preferred Reported Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The source of data collection was direct consultation of the Pubmed, Sportdiscus, Web of Science and Scopus databases. For documentary retrieval, several key words were used and the quality of the studies that were selected was assessed using the PEDro scale. Muscle function deficits in the hamstrings have been related to increased anterior tibial translation and, as a consequence, increased tensional stress on the ACL between 10° and 45° of knee flexion. A co-activation of the hamstrings with the quadriceps may be helpful in reducing the risk factors for ACL injury.


Subject(s)
Humans , Stress, Mechanical , Hamstring Muscles/physiopathology , Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries/etiology , Risk Factors , Team Sports
2.
Acta méd. peru ; 40(1)ene. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1439121

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto protector de la vacuna para SARS-CoV-2 para hospitalizaciones por COVID-19 durante la cuarta ola epidémica en Querétaro, México. Métodos: Diseño de cohorte retrospectiva en pacientes con COVID-19 durante la cuarta ola (19 de diciembre de 2021 al 9 de enero de 2022). Grupos expuestos, antecedente de vacuna anti COVID-19 (vacuna de adenovirus modificado genéticamente y vacuna de ácido ribonucleico mensajero), grupo no expuesto, no vacuna. El diagnóstico de COVID-19 se realizó con la prueba antigénica rápida en exudado orofaringeo, prueba practicada entre el primero y quinto día del inicio de sintomatología. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes que acudieron al servicio de salud por sintomatología, con prueba positiva y dos dosis de la vacuna. El análisis estadístico incluyó chi cuadrada, riesgo relativo e intervalo de confianza para riesgo relativo. Resultados: Se estudiaron 52 pacientes con vacuna de adenovirus modificado genéticamente, 119 con vacuna de ácido ribonucleico mensajero y 336 pacientes no vacunados. En pacientes no vacunados la incidencia de hospitalización fue 62,2%, en pacientes con vacuna adenovirus modificado genéticamente la hospitalización fue 23,1% (p<0.001), riesgo relativo de 0,37 (IC 95%; 0,22-0,61); y en pacientes con vacuna de ácido ribonucleico mensajero la incidencia de hospitalización fue 1,7% (p<0.001), riesgo relativo de 0,03 (IC 95%; 0,006-0,10). Conclusiones: La vacuna anti COVID-19 en el ámbito poblacional es efectiva para evitar hospitalización en pacientes que presentan cuadro agudo de COVID-19 en la cuarta ola.


Objective: To assess the protective effect of the vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 upon hospitalizations due to COVID-19 during the fourth epidemic wave in Queretaro, Mexico. Methods: This investigation was designed as a retrospective cohort study in patients with COVID-19 during the fourth wave of the epidemic (December 19th, 2021, to January 9th, 2022). The exposed group consisted in those subjects who had received a vaccine against COVID-19 (genetically modified adenovirus vaccine and messenger ribonucleic acid vaccine); and the non-exposed group consisted in those people who were not vaccinated. Diagnosis of COVID-19 was made with a rapid antigenic test in oropharyngeal exudate, and the test was performed between the first and fifth day after the onset of symptoms. All patients who came to healthcare facilities because of symptoms, with a positive test and having received two doses of the vaccine. Statistical analysis included chi-square, relative risk, and confidence intervals (CI) for the relative risk. Results: Fifty-two patients who received a genetically modified vaccine, 119 who received a messenger ribonucleic acid vaccine, and 336 non vaccinated subjects were included in the study. The frequency of hospitalization was 62,2% in non-vaccinated persons, this rate was 23,1% (p<0.001), and relative risk was 0,37 (95% CI; 0,22-0,61) in those who received a genetically modified adenovirus vaccine, and it was 1.7% (p<0.001), and relative risk was 0,03 (95% CI; 0,006-0,10) in those who received the messenger ribonucleic acid vaccine. Conclusions: From a population point of view, the vaccine against COVID-19 was effective for preventing hospitalization in patients with acute COVID-19 disease during the fourth epidemic wave.

4.
J Vector Borne Dis ; 2022 Jan; 59(1): 102-104
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-216858

ABSTRACT

Aedes (Ochlerotatus) melanimon Dyar 1924 has been considered an important pest in agricultural and rural communities. Aedes melanimon is a vector of WEEV and CEV and is a competent laboratory vector of WNV. The known range of Ae. melanimon extends throughout Southwest Canada, part of Central and most of Western USA. Here we report the first record of Ae. melanimon in Mexico, at Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. The collect represents the southernmost distributional record for this species. Its indigenous presence in a highly urbanized and dry area was not expected. A permanent surveillance program to detect and determine the species in border-crossing cities is encouraged.

5.
J Vector Borne Dis ; 2022 Jan; 59(1): 86-90
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-216855

ABSTRACT

The recently described Triatoma huehuetenanguensis, has been reported in Mexico, Guatemala, Belize and Honduras. In Mexico, the species has been collected primarily in rural areas; it has the potential to colonize human dwellings, however, its contribution to Chagas outbreaks remains unclear. In 2021, T. huehuetenanguensis was first observed at Tuxtla Gutierrez city, Chiapas; then a collection for the species was performed. A total of 308 houses were inspected in the intra and peridomestic structures. Only 3 houses (0.97%) were infested. Triatoma huehuetenangensis was the only triatomine specie recorded and four males were collected. None of the bugs tested positive for Trypanosoma infection. We do not have evidence to suggest that urban human-vector contact still limited, and a possible domestication process is possible. The presence of reservoirs, the vector species and the parasite demonstrate that Tuxtla Gutierrez could be at risk of a Chagas disease outbreak.

7.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1381882

ABSTRACT

La conducta alimentaria es una condición que el infante construye en el marco de su realidad contextual. Históricamente la alimentación se ha visto como la vía nutricional, que lo es, pero también cumple otro papel fundamental, generar las condiciones fenotípicas del crecimiento orofacial. Desde cualquiera de estas dos perspectivas, se debe implementar una visión preventiva de la atención en salud, permitiendo generar aportes desde la fonoaudiología para prever situaciones de riesgo alrededor de la selectividad y rechazo de la conducta alimentaria y otras áreas de abordaje que nos competen, y que, en el caso de este artículo, hacen parte del desarrollo de la salud alrededor de los procesos motores y comunicativos que se entretejen con el acto de comer. Las decisiones alrededor de inclusión de nuevos alimentos y la presentación de estos en cuanto características reológicas y organolépticas, son decisiones que deben tomarse a partir de un reconocimiento de la edad, el crecimiento, el desarrollo y la maduración del sistema estomatognático, factores concatenados de manera estrecha con la acción y facilitación de los padres y el contexto. Es importante destacar que la selectividad y el rechazo del alimento, así como la alimentación misma podría destacarse como un hedonismo que no necesariamente nace con el sujeto, sino que se fomenta y se construye a partir de las experiencias. De ahí la importancia de las experiencias positivas en el marco de la alimentación, donde se involucra toda una situación familiar y social cargada de afectividad y patrones inicialmente imitables. Recuerde que, aunque el niño/a no debe ser visto como un adulto de estatura menor, también es importante entender que, desde su nivel de desarrollo cognitivo y emocional, son seres humanos con pensamientos, sensaciones y criterios definidos para su edad, por lo cual aprender a escucharlos también es importante alrededor de los temas que atañen a su alimentación. Buscar estrategias para que ellos comprendan la importancia de la alimentación en relación con el crecimiento y el desarrollo será fundamental no sólo desde lo biológico


Eating behavior is a condition that the infant constructs within the framework of its contextual reality. Historically, feeding has been seen as the nutritional pathway, which it is, but it also plays another fundamental role, generating the phenotypic conditions of orofacial growth. From either of these two perspectives, a preventive vision of health care should be implemented, allowing to generate contributions from speech therapy to anticipate risk situations around the selectivity and rejection of eating behavior and other areas of approach that concern us, and that, in the case of this article, are part of the development of health around the motor and communicative processes that are interwoven with the act of eating. Decisions about the inclusion of new foods and their presentation in terms of rheological and organoleptic characteristics are decisions that must be made based on the recognition of the age, growth, development and maturation of the stomatognathic system, factors closely linked to the action and facilitation of parents and the context. It is important to emphasize that the selectivity and rejection of food, as well as eating itself, could be highlighted as a hedonism that is not necessarily born with the subject, but is fostered and built from experiences. Hence the importance of positive experiences in the context of food, which involves a whole family and social situation loaded with affectivity and initially imitable patterns. Remember that, although the child should not be seen as an adult of smaller stature, it is also important to understand that, from their level of cognitive and emotional development, they are human beings with thoughts, sensations and criteria defined for their age, so learning to listen to them is also important around issues that concern their feeding. Finding strategies for them to understand the importance of food in relation to growth and development will be fundamental not only from the biological point of view


Subject(s)
Humans , Stomatognathic System , Eating , Feeding Behavior , Speech Therapy , Volition , Family , Growth and Development , Diet , Food , Language , Learning
8.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 117: e210403, 2022. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1365155

ABSTRACT

Despite the increasing number of manuscripts describing potential alternative antileishmanial compounds, little is advancing on translating these knowledges to new products to treat leishmaniasis. This is in part due to the lack of standardisations during pre-clinical drug discovery stage and also depends on the alignment of goals among universities/research centers, government and pharmaceutical industry. Inspired or not by drug repurposing, metal-based antileishmanial drugs represent a class that deserves more attention on its use for leishmaniasis chemotherapy. Together with new chemical entities, progresses have been made on the knowledge of parasite-specific drug targets specially after using CRISPR/Cas system for functional studies. In this regard, Leishmania parasites undergoe post-translational modification as key regulators in several cellular processes, which represents an entire new field for drug target elucidation, once this is poorly explored. This perspective review describes the advances on antileishmanial metallodrugs and the elucidation of drug targets based on post-translational modifications, highlighting the limitations on the drug discovery/development process and suggesting standardisations focused on products addressed to who need it most.

9.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1358111

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Se presenta un caso clínico de seudoaneurisma de la arteria femoral circunfleja lateral secundario a una fractura pertrocantérica de cadera. Materiales y métodos: Como el cuadro y su localización son infrecuentes, se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica sistematizada que incluyó todos los casos publicados sobre esta enfermedad (n = 40) en los últimos 15 años. Resultados: No se hallaron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre ninguna de las variables estudiadas. Sin embargo, parece existir cierto consenso en mantener una alta sospecha clínica para una intervención precoz y así obtener mejores resultados. Tanto su etiología como su localización se relacionan con la morfología de la fractura, el gesto quirúrgico y el material de osteosíntesis. Asimismo, hay una tendencia mayor a utilizar la angiotomografía para el diagnóstico y la localización del seudoaneurisma. Conclusiones: Nuestra paciente es el primer caso de resolución espontánea. Es fundamental conocer esta complicación tan poco frecuente para optimizar los resultados terapéuticos. Esta revisión, la más reciente sobre el tema, es muy útil para enumerar y subrayar los aspectos más importantes sobre el manejo y la prevención de los seudoaneurismas secundarios a una fractura de cadera. Nivel de Evidencia: IV


Introduction: We present a case of a lateral circumflex femoral artery pseudoaneurysm associated with pertrochanteric hip fracture. Materials and methods: We performed a systematic review considering all cases published in the last 15 years about this pathology (n=40). Results: No statistically significant associations were found between any of the variables studied. However, there seems to be some consensus in maintaining a high clinical suspicion for early intervention, thus obtaining better outcomes. Both its etiology and location are related to the morphology of the fracture, the surgical procedure, and the osteosynthesis material. Likewise, there is a greater tendency to use CT angiography for the diagnosis and localization of the pseudoaneurysm. Conclusion: Our patient is the first reported case of spontaneous resolution. Knowing this rare complication is essential to optimize therapeutic results. This review, the most recent on the subject, is very useful in listing and highlighting the most important aspects of the management and prevention of pseudoaneurysms secondary to hip fracture. Level of Evidence: IV


Subject(s)
Aneurysm, False , Femoral Artery , Hip Fractures
10.
Revista Areté ; 22(2): 63-70, 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1437099

ABSTRACT

La labor del fonoaudiólogo en la Unidad de Cuidado Critico Neonatal fundamenta la atención y el mantenimiento de vía oral como métodos de alimentación seguros y eficaces en los pacientes. El recién nacido, goza de manera innata con acciones neurovegetativas como un recurso fisiológico de alimentación; estos procesos funcionales denominados succión-respiración-deglución, podrían alterarse y así generar situaciones de riesgo en la salud neonatal. Como recurso de contingencia del riesgo, el fonoaudiólogo ejerce su función terapéutica en diferentes servicios de atención. Para el caso de la Clínica Universitaria Bolivariana durante el 2021-2022, se busca describir el conocimiento y la percepción del rol del fonoaudiólogo en la atención de neonatos prematuros por parte del equipo de trabajo de la unidad. La metodología fundamentó un estudio descriptivo transversal bajo un enfoque mixto de análisis de instrumentos. Contó con la ejecución de una encuesta tipo Likert de auto diligenciamiento, entrevistas semiestructuradas y el desarrollo de dos grupos focales. Para referencia del estudio participan 6 profesiones vinculadas a las unidades de cuidados neonatales con un total de 33 participantes con una media de 9 años de experiencia profesional. El 93,9% reconoce el término disfagia; este mismo porcentaje reconoce el concepto de succión nutritiva y no nutritiva. Quienes dicen conocer el término disfagia, están muy de acuerdo con que sea tratada en un 97%. Sin embargo, no reconocen al fonoaudiólogo como el profesional que define criterios de alimentación en los nacidos prematuros. Las conclusiones, sugieren la visualización activa del fonoaudiólogo dentro de equipos en unidades de cuidado neonatal, bajo la proyección de consolidar la rehabilitación deglutoria de los nacidos pretérminos


The work of the speech therapist in the Neonatal Critical Care Unit is fundamental to the care and maintenance the oral route of feeding, consolidating safe and effective feeding methods in patients. The suction-swallowing-breathing triad is a physiological food resource that, when altered, triggers risk factors in neonatal health. To address the risks produced by suction-swallowing-breathing incoordination, this work seeks to describe the knowledge and perception of the role of the speech-language pathologist in the care of premature infants at the Bolivarian University Clinic during 2021. The methodology based on a cross-sectional descriptive study under a mixed approach to instrument analysis. It included the execution of a Likert-type self-completion survey, semi-structured interviews, and the development of two focus groups. For reference of the study, 6 professions linked to the Neonatal Critical Care Unit participate with a total of 33 participants with an average of 9 years of professional experience. 93.9% recognize the term dysphagia; this same percentage recognizes the concept of nutritive and non-nutritive sucking. Those who say they know the term dysphagia strongly agree that it is treated in 97%. However, do not use the speech therapist as the professional who defines the feeding criteria in premature infants. The conclusions suggest the active visualization of the speech-language pathologist within Neonatal Critical Care Unit teams, under the projection of consolidating the swallowing rehabilitation of premature infants. The work of the speech therapist in the Neonatal Critical Care Unit is fundamental to the care and maintenance the oral route of feeding, consolidating safe and effective feeding methods in patients. The suction-swallowing-breathing triad is a physiological food resource that, when altered, triggers risk factors in neonatal health. To address the risks produced by suction-swallowing-breathing incoordination, this work seeks to describe the knowledge and perception of the role of the speech-language pathologist in the care of premature infants at the Bolivarian University Clinic during 2021. The methodology based on a cross-sectional descriptive study under a mixed approach to instrument analysis. It included the execution of a Likert-type self-completion survey, semi-structured interviews, and the development of two focus groups. For reference of the study, 6 professions linked to the Neonatal Critical Care Unit participate with a total of 33 participants with an average of 9 years of professional experience. 93.9% recognize the term dysphagia; this same percentage recognizes the concept of nutritive and non-nutritive sucking. Those who say they know the term dysphagia strongly agree that it is treated in 97%. However, do not use the speech therapist as the professional who defines the feeding criteria in premature infants. The conclusions suggest the active visualization of the speech-language pathologist within Neonatal Critical Care Unit teams, under the projection of consolidating the swallowing rehabilitation of premature infants


Subject(s)
Humans
12.
Rev. colomb. reumatol ; 28(3): 227-229, jul.-set. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1357276

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Las acropaquias, también llamadas dedos en palillo de tambor, se presentan como un aumento de la convexidad ungueal sobre una falange distal engrosada. Su origen es multifactorial, siendo la causa más frecuente las neoplasias, aunque también puede ser idiopático. Pueden encontrarse de forma aislada o formando parte de la osteoartropatía hipertrófica. La importancia de su diagnóstico radica en la alta frecuencia de enfermedad maligna subyacente, por lo que debe ser rápido y exhaustivo. Presentamos 2 casos de pacientes con acropaquias asociados a neoplasia subyacente.


ABSTRACT Acropachy, also called clubbed fingers, presents as increased nail convexity over a thickened distal phalanx. Its origin is multifactorial, with the most frequent cause being neoplasms, although it can also be idiopathic. They can be found in isolation, or as part of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. The importance of its diagnosis lies in the high frequency of underlying malignant pathology, so it must be rapid and comprehensive. Two cases are presented of patients with acropachy associated with underlying neoplasia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Musculoskeletal Diseases , Osteoarthropathy, Primary Hypertrophic , Bone Diseases , Infections , Neoplasms
13.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 149(5): 716-723, mayo 2021. tab, graf, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389508

ABSTRACT

Background: Cancer is the second death cause in Chile. The Chilean National Cancer Act will secure treatment and labor protection for people diagnosed with cancer. Aim: To answer questions regarding the media portrayal of cancer. Material and Methods: Through data-mining and the conduction of content analysis, 2,523 news titles about cancer were analysed. The news titles were obtained from 345 Chilean digital media which published cancer related news on Twitter between January and December 2019. An attempt was made to answer two research questions, namely are cancer incidence and mortality rates portrayed in a corresponding magnitude in the Chilean digital media? and what words are commonly used for this purpose? Results: There is not a coherence between the incidence and mortality of the main cancer types in Chile and the amount of content published in communication media. Conclusions: Our results are consistent with international studies. We should expect the delivery of complete, timely and effective information about cancer in communication media, aiming to educate the population and reinforce prevention.


Subject(s)
Humans , Social Media , Neoplasms/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Incidence , Prevalence , Internet
14.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 157(2): 194-200, mar.-abr. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1279101

ABSTRACT

Resumen En países americanos, simultáneas a la pandemia de enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) se están dando epidemias ocasionadas por diferentes arbovirus (del dengue, chikunguña y virus del Zika). En México, varias de las estrategias para control del mosquito Aedes aegypti, transmisor de arbovirus, involucran la interacción del personal salubrista y los moradores. Debido a la pandemia de COVID-19 se han implementado medidas de distanciamiento social y resguardo domiciliario. Para respetar estas medidas y evitar riesgo de contagio por coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS-CoV-2), el Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades (CENAPRECE) ha presentado la estrategia de control de vectores en el escenario de transmisión simultánea por dengue y COVID-19 en México. En este trabajo mencionamos las medidas habituales de manejo integral de mosquito y mencionamos las adaptaciones realizadas. De igual forma, discutimos la relevancia de la capacitación y la supervisión al personal médico, esto debido a la similitud entre la sintomatología entre ambas patologías.


Abstract Countries of Latin America are dealing with a simultaneous COVID-19 and vector borne disease (VBDs, Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya) outbreaks. In Mexico, certain activities to control Aedes aegypti mosquito (the main VBDs vector) comprise community participation through the interaction between householders and vector control personnel. Preventive measures against COVID-19 include social distancing and stay-at-home strategy, to obey these policies, and reduce the risk of infection, the National Center for Preventive Programs and Disease Control of Mexico (CENAPRECE) has adapted the vector control approaches in the country. In this paper we mention routine prevention and control activities to control mosquitoes and show the adapted measures. Because, a number of symptoms of the COVID-19 and dengue fever overlap with each other, we also discuss the relevance of accurate disease surveillance and medic’s training and supervision.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Arbovirus Infections/epidemiology , Mosquito Control/methods , Aedes/virology , Pandemics , Epidemiological Monitoring , COVID-19/epidemiology , Arbovirus Infections/prevention & control , Dengue/epidemiology , Information Dissemination , Chikungunya Fever/epidemiology , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology , Physical Distancing , COVID-19/prevention & control , Health Promotion
15.
Salud pública Méx ; 63(1): 60-67, Jan.-Feb. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1395139

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Objective: To identify medical school characteristics associated with performance in a medical residency admission test. Materials and methods: Performance and selection rates according to type of medical school (Student´s t-test, Chi-squared test), accreditation status (Student´s t-test) and geographic regions (Anova) were analyzed from a database comprising 153 654 physicians who took the residency admission test Examen Nacional de Aspirantes a Residencias Médicas (ENARM) in the period 2014-2018. Results: Performance was 62.5% for accredited programs and 61.4% for non-accredited programs (p<0.001); public schools reached 62.3% and private schools 62.2% (p<0.001). Northern regions performed above 63% while South-Southeast at 58.9% (p<0.001). Selection rate was 26.2% for accredited programs and 22.9% for non-accredited (p<0.001); 26.6% for public schools and 23.6% for private schools (p<0.001). North-East and North-West reached 31% while South-Southeast 20.7%. Conclusions: Type of school, accreditation status and geographic region may influence performance and selection rate.


Resumen: Objetivo: Identificar características de las escuelas de medicina asociadas con desempeño en un examen de admisión a residencias. Material y métodos. Utilizando una base de datos con 153 654 registros de aspirantes entre 2014-2018 se analizaron el desempeño y selección en el Examen Nacional de Aspirantes a Residencias Médicas (ENARM) y su relación con tipo de escuela y estatus de acreditación, así como región geográfica. Resultados: El desempeño fue 62.5% para programas acreditados y 61.4% para no acreditados (p<0.001); 62.3% para escuelas públicas y 62.2% para privadas (p<0.001). Las regiones del norte alcanzaron 63% y Sur-Sureste 58.9% (p<0.001). La tasa de selección fue 26.2% para programas acreditados y 22.9% para no acreditados (p<0.001); 26.6% para escuelas públicas y 23.6% para privadas (p<0.001). Las regiones del norte alcanzaron 31% mientras Sur-Sureste 20.7%. Conclusiones: Las características de la escuela de medicina influencian el desempeño en el ENARM.

16.
Revista Areté ; 21(1): 55-64, 2021. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1354634

ABSTRACT

a presente revisión se planteó con el fin de recopilar la evidencia existente sobre el abordaje rehabilitador de la disfagia en adultos mayores con enfermedades neurodegenerativas, con la intención de encontrar propuestas de tratamientos que influyan de manera positiva en la salud de los pacientes. Los métodos de búsqueda se implementaron bajo un proceso ordenado de revisión sistemática bajo el modelo Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), a través de la cual se recolecta información de forma cronológica sobre la evidencia científica de un tema en particular. Para ello se usaron descriptores como: "Adulto; Neurodegenerativa; Disfagia; Rehabilitación". En la revisión sistemática se incluyeron 21 artículos, entre estos se mencionaron estudios y revisiones sobre los tratamientos empleados en las enfermedades neurodegenerativas. En los hallazgos es evidente la intervención multidisciplinar, modificación del entorno, uso de fármacos como medio para mitigar síntomas principalmente motores, procedimientos quirúrgicos; además, maniobras deglutorias, compensatorias, rehabilitadoras, entre otras. Algunas alternativas requieren de la participación del Fonoaudiólogo/Logopeda debido a que en la mayoría de personas que padecen enfermedades neurodegenerativas se ve afectada la fase oral y/o faríngea de la deglución, desencadenando disfagia en diferentes grados de severidad y comprometiendo de forma directa la ingesta de alimentos debido al riesgo de aspiración, neumonía y/o muerte y a su vez, la calidad de vida. Esta revisión sistemática permite identificar la necesidad de realizar más propuestas terapéuticas, estudios que evidencien su eficacia y que, sobre todo, generen cambios significativos en quienes padecen las enfermedades descritas


The present review was proposed in order to compile the existing evidence on the rehabilitative approach in older adults with neurodegenerative diseases, since these treatments directly influence the health of patients. The search methods were implemented under an ordered systematic review process under the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews, PRISMA model, in which information is collected chronologically on the scientific evidence of a particular topic. Descriptors such as: Adult, Neurodegenerative, Dysphagia; Rehabilitation. Twenty-one articles were included in the systematic review, including studies and reviews on the treatments used in neurodegenerative diseases. In the findings it is evident inter-transdisciplinary intervention, modification of the environment, use of drugs as a means to mitigate mainly motor symptoms, surgical procedures; in addition, swallowing, compensatory, rehabilitative maneuvers, among others. Some alternatives require the participation of the speech pathologist because in most people suffering from neurodegenerative diseases the oral and / or pharyngeal phase of swallowing is affected, triggering dysphagia in different degrees of severity and directly compromising food intake. due to the risk of aspiration, pneumonia and / or death and, in turn, the quality of life, This systematic review allows us to identify the need to make more proposals for therapeutic options, studies that show their efficacy and that above all generate significant changes in those who suffer described diseases


Subject(s)
Deglutition Disorders , Neurodegenerative Diseases , Deglutition , Patients , Pneumonia , Quality of Life , Therapeutics , Health , Disease , Risk , Eating
17.
Revista Areté ; 21(1): 77-85, 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1354646

ABSTRACT

El quehacer profesional en disfagia permite clasificar la severidad de la disfagia, pero no la calificación del riesgo de las distintas alteraciones funcionales durante la ingesta. A razón de ello, este escrito propone clasificar el nivel de riesgo por alteraciones funcionales de la deglución bajo un proceso metodológico de validación interna. La investigación se planteó desde una naturaleza prospectiva con relación de validez interna, a través del método Delphi, mediante la cual se postuló una lista de alteraciones funcionales de la deglución para ser validada por 6 jueces expertos en el área. Se establecieron alteraciones funcionales divididas en las fases deglutorias y los niveles de riesgo para repercutir en disfagia, según los ítems de suficiencia, relevancia, coherencia y claridad. Se obtuvo una lista de 38 errores validados, los cuales se fundamentan como riesgo, dado que al materializarse fomentan en la secuencia deglutoria una mayor probabilidad de penetración/aspiración de alimento hacia vía aérea. El consenso de la clasificación de estos errores según el riesgo, será una herramienta útil para profesionales del área. Se concluye, a través de la diferencia mínima significativa (LSD) de Fisher para medias, una lista de riesgos por alteraciones funcionales de la deglución, en orden descendente según la severidad del riesgo que representa la alteración en la ingesta.


The professional work in dysphagia allows classifying the severity of dysphagia, but not the qualification of the risk of the different functional alterations during ingestion. For this reason, this paper proposes to classify the level of risk due to functional swallowing alterations. The research was proposed from a prospective nature with a validity relationship, through the Delphi method, through which a list of functional swallowing alterations was postulated to be validated by 6 expert judges in the area. A proposal was made in a matrix, which evaluated the different functional alterations divided into the swallowing phases and the risk levels to affect dysphagia, according to the items of sufficiency, relevance, coherence and clarity. A list of 38 validated alterations was obtained, which are based on risk, since when they materialize, they promote a greater probability of penetration / aspiration of food into the airway in the deglutory sequence. The consensus on the classification of these alterations according to risk will be a useful tool for professionals in the area. A list of risks due to functional swallowing alterations is concluded through Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) for means, in descending order according to the severity of the risk represented by the alterations in intake.


Subject(s)
Deglutition Disorders , Eating , Research , Volition , Deglutition , Food
18.
Revista Areté ; 21(1): 87-93, 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1354650

ABSTRACT

Dentro de la atención clínica, el profesional de la fonoaudiología cuenta con recursos evaluativos para describir la biomecánica secuencial de la ingesta; uno de los recursos utilizados es la Auscultación Cervical (AC). (Dudik et al., 2016) Teniendo en cuenta la descripción de la importancia de la intervención oportuna y efectiva de los procesos de alimentación en los niños con parálisis cerebral, se considera necesario resolver aspectos relevantes alrededor de la relación de las características clínicas de estos niños en su proceso de deglución y los registros del perfil espectrográfico en su fase faríngea de la deglución a partir de la aplicación de la AC. La organización de la revisión establece la búsqueda de artículos científicos en la utilización de la AC en la evaluación clínica de la deglución en sujetos pediátricos y diagnosticados con Parálisis Cerebral. La información encontrada muestra cómo en ausencia de procesos instrumentales de evaluación deglutoria, la AC aporta como beneficio la accesibilidad del procedimiento, además de características de temporalidad en la secuencia de los sonidos deglutorio, sin ningún tipo de factor adverso para su realización. Es por ello que la auscultación es un recurso importante en la evaluación clínica y se puede establecer como un primer paso en el análisis de los aspectos fisiológicos de la fase faríngea de la deglución, pone a la auscultación en una posición privilegiada, pero que debe ser estandarizada por los estudiosos y teóricos del tema.


In the clinical care, the speech language pathologist has evaluative resources to describe the biomechanics of swallowing; one of the resources used is Cervical Auscultation (CA). (Dudik et al., 2016) Taking into account the description of the importance of the timely and effective intervention of the swallowing processes in children with cerebral palsy, it is considered necessary to solve relevant aspects around the relationship of the clinical characteristics of these children in their swallowing process and the records of the spectrographic profile in their pharyngeal phase of swallowing from the application of CA. In the absence of instrumental swallowing evaluation processes, CA provides the accessibility of the procedure as a benefit, in addition to temporality characteristics in the sequence of swallowing sounds, without any type of adverse factor for its performance. The CA is an important resource in clinical evaluation, it establishes a first step in the physiological analysis of swallowing with the physiological aspects of the pharyngeal phase. This puts auscultation in a privileged position, but it must be standardized by cientifics and theorists on the subject.


Subject(s)
Cerebral Palsy , Deglutition , Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences , Attention , Auscultation , Diet , Eating , Pathologists , Health Resources
19.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 156(5): 388-395, sep.-oct. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249936

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: La Ciudad de México no tiene presencia endémica de Aedes aegypti, por lo que está libre de enfermedades transmitidas por vector como dengue, Zika y chikunguña. Sin embargo, existe evidencia de la presencia de huevecillos en la urbe desde 2015. Objetivo: Reportar la presencia constante y en aumento de huevecillos de Aedes aegypti en la Ciudad de México de 2015 a 2018. Método: Se realizó vigilancia a través de ovitrampas; se contabilizaron y eclosionaron huevecillos para determinar la especie. Resultados: De 2015 a 2018 fueron identificados 378 organismos como Aedes aegypti. En total fueron colectadas 76 ovitrampas positivas a Aedes aegypti en 50 sitios distintos de 11 alcaldías. El noreste de la Ciudad de México fue el área con mayor positividad. Conclusiones: Los resultados pueden estar indicando un periodo de colonización incipiente y la probable la existencia de colonias crípticas del mosquito, por lo que la Ciudad de México podría estar en riesgo de presentar epidemias de enfermedades transmitidas por vector.


Abstract Introduction: Mexico City has no endemic presence of Aedes aegypti, and it is therefore free of vector-borne diseases, such as dengue fever, Zika and chikungunya. However, evidence has shown the presence of Aedes aegypti eggs in the city since 2015. Objective: To report the constant and increasing presence of Aedes aegypti eggs in Mexico City from 2015 to 2018. Methods: Surveillance was carried out using ovitraps. Eggs were counted and hatched in order to determine the species. Results: From 2015 to 2018, 378 organisms were identified as Ae. aegypti. In total, 76 Aedes aegypti-positive ovitraps were collected at 50 different places in 11 boroughs of the city. Northeastern Mexico City was the area with the highest number of positive traps. Conclusions: The results may be indicating a period of early colonization and the probable existence of cryptic colonies of the mosquito, and Mexico City could be therefore at risk of experiencing vector-borne epidemics.


Subject(s)
Animals , Aedes/classification , Dengue , Eggs , Mosquito Vectors , Species Specificity , Cities , Aedes/growth & development , Larva/classification , Larva/growth & development , Mexico
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL